Develop advanced surface analytic techniques enabling the surface analysis from ultrahigh vacuum to ambient pressure, and even to liquid environment or high-pressure atmosphere (> 1 bar). Construct setups include near ambient pressure XPS (NAP-XPS), near ambient pressure PEEM (NAP-PEEM), low temperature STM (LT-STM)/high pressure STM (HP-STM), low temperature IR coupled with TPD (IR/TPD), and scanning chemical reaction microscopy (SCRM). Explore catalytic reactions and electrochemical reactions occurring at gas-solid and liquid-solid interfaces in situ.